Adrenergic cell group C1
| Adrenergic cell group C1 | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | cellulae adrenergicae myelencephali [C1, C2] |
| NeuroNames | 1758 |
| TA98 | A14.1.09.628 |
| TA2 | 6029, 6030 |
| FMA | 84388 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Adrenergic cell group C1 is a group of cells that show evidence of containing phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenaline); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. Cells making up this group are also known as C1 cells or C1 neurons.[1] They are found in the rostral and intermediate portion of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, IVLM)[2] in conjunction with the noradrenergic cell group A1. The adrenergic group C1 is seen in vertebrates, including rodents and primates.[3]
Functions
C1 cells trigger the body’s response to stressful signals such as low glucose, infection/ inflammation, low oxygen, pain, or low blood pressure.[2] They help control the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA-axis) and sympathetic nervous system (particularly cardiovascular functions) through projections to the paraventricular nucleus and parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons.[2] Notably, C1 cells contribute to regulating arterial pressure (AP).[4] Studies observing the effects of C1 cell inhibition on AP found that AP significantly decreased when C1 cells were inactive and significantly increased when C1 cells were activated.[4] Additionally, since C1 cells contain PNMT, they contribute to inflammatory responses by stimulating the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands.[5]
References
- ↑ Sevigny, C. P.; Menuet, C.; Fong, A.; Bassi, J.; Connelly, A.; Allen, A. (2017). "Adrenergic Neurons in the CNS". www.semanticscholar.org. Retrieved 2026-08-12.
- 1 2 3 Guyenet, Patrice G.; Stornetta, Ruth L.; Bochorishvili, Genrieta; DePuy, Seth D.; Burke, Peter G. R.; Abbott, Stephen B. G. (2013). "C1 neurons: the body's EMTs". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 305 (3): R187–R204. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00054.2013. ISSN 0363-6119. PMC 3743001. PMID 23697799.
- ↑ Kitahama K; Nagatsu I; Pearson J (1994). "Catecholamine systems in mammalian midbrain and hindbrain: theme and variations". In Smeets WJAJ; Reiner A (eds.). Phylogeny and Development of Catecholamine Systems in the CNS of Vertebrates. Cambridge: University Press. OCLC 123255922.
- 1 2 Ross, C. A.; Ruggiero, D. A.; Park, D. H.; Joh, T. H.; Sved, A. F.; Fernandez-Pardal, J.; Saavedra, J. M.; Reis, D. J. (1984). "Tonic vasomotor control by the rostral ventrolateral medulla: effect of electrical or chemical stimulation of the area containing C1 adrenaline neurons on arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines and vasopressin". The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 4 (2): 474–494. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-02-00474.1984. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6564896. PMID 6699683.
- ↑ Abe, Chikara; Katayama, Chikako; Bazek, Murat; Nakamura, Yasuna; Ohbayashi, Kento; Horii, Kazuhiro; Fujimoto, Chisato; Tanida, Mamoru; Iwasaki, Yusaku; Inoue, Tsuyoshi; Nin, Fumiaki; Morita, Hironobu (2023). "Repeated activation of C1 neurons in medulla oblongata decreases anti-inflammatory effect via the hypofunction of the adrenal gland adrenergic response". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 111: 138–150. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.003. ISSN 1090-2139. PMID 37037362.
External links
- More information at BrainInfo