Adolfo Morales de los Ríos

Adolfo Morales de los Ríos
Born
Adolfo Morales de los Ríos y García de Pimentel

(1858-03-10)10 March 1858
Seville, Spain
Died3 September 1928(1928-09-03) (aged 70)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
EducationÉcole des Beaux-Arts
OccupationArchitect
ChildrenAdolfo Morales de los Ríos Filho
Buildings
ProjectsCentral Avenue commissions, Rio de Janeiro

Adolfo Morales de los Ríos y García de Pimentel (10 March 1858 – 3 September 1928) was a Spanish architect, urbanist, and professor. Initially active in Spain and France, he built most of his career in Brazil, becoming one of the principal architects of the Belle Époque in Rio de Janeiro.

Biography

Born in Sevilla, he was the son of the military officer Adolfo Morales de los Rios e de Salud Pimentel y Garcia de Ambues. He studied architecture at the Beaux-Arts de Paris, graduating in 1882.[1] As a student, he partook in the preparations of the Spanish section at the 1878 Exposition Universelle,[2] and became acquainted with Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. He began his professional career in Paris but soon moved to Spain, where he designed the Gran Casino de San Sebastián.[3] Together with Luis Aladrén, he presented a project for the design of the Banco de España which won the first accésit in the competition, but he was not among the architects of the building.[4]

In 1884, together with Adolfo Castillo, he designed the Gran Teatro Falla, a work in the Neo-Mudéjar style.[5] In 1889, he was invited to found an architectural school in Chile, but later abandoned the project, deciding to establish himself in Rio de Janeiro after visiting Recife and Salvador. He presented urban reform proposals and designed markets and bridges, and oversaw the construction of railways and highways.[6] In 1897, he won a public competition to become professor at the National School of Fine Arts, where he taught architectural drawing, as well as the history and theory of architecture. Among his students were Lúcio Costa, Heitor de Mello, Attilio Corrêa Lima, and Archimedes Memoria.[7][8]

From 1904 to 1906, Morales de los Ríos accepted major commissions along the newly inaugurated Central Avenue, planned as a symbol of the country's modernization.[9] He designed the house of the influential newspaper O Paiz, the Café Mourisco, which was a Persian revival restaurant, and the seat of the Supreme Federal Court in the eclectic style.[10] In the Independence Centenary International Exposition held in 1922, he designed the so-called Monumental Gate, which remained unbuilt, and the Amusement Park, in which he blended inspirations from the Classical world and the Brazilian fauna and flora.

Morales de los Ríos was portrayed by Candido Portinari, and Manuel Bandeira wrote in his honor after his death.[11][12] His son, Adolfo Morales de los Ríos Filho, was an architect, intellectual, and professor who wrote extensively on architecture, having authored the two-volume Teoria e Filosofia da Arquitetura.[13]

References

  1. ↑ "Os arquitetos do Rio de Janeiro VIII - Adolfo Morales de los Ríos". Brasiliana Fotográfica (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2025-07-01. Retrieved 2026-07-11.
  2. ↑ Velasco, Pablo González (2025-05-11). "Adolfo Morales de los Ríos (1858-1928), el arquitecto español del Brasil de la Primera República". El Trapezio (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2026-07-14.
  3. ↑ Navascués, Pedro (1993). "Arquitectura española, 1808-1914". La madurez de un siglo (1868-1898). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. p. 470. ISBN 84-239-5477-3.
  4. ↑ Peral López, José (2021). El edificio sede del Banco de España. Catarata. ISBN 978-84-1352-223-4.
  5. ↑ Hernández Soriano, Ricardo Nicolás (2016). Sumergidos en el Gran Teatro Falla. Godel. ISBN 978-84-16478-65-1.
  6. ↑ Ricci, Claudia Thurler (1997). "Sob a inspiração de Clio: O Historicismo na obra de Morales de los Rios" (15 ed.). Revista Gávea.
  7. ↑ "Heitor de Mello | Brasiliana Fotográfica" (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2026-07-14.
  8. ↑ Azevedo, Marlice Nazareth Soares; Costa, Milena Sampaio da (2013-07-06). "O urbanismo do início do século xx: a escola francesa de urbanismo e suas repercussões no Brasil: trajetórias de Alfred Agache e Attilio Correa Lima". URBANA: Revista Eletrônica do Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos sobre a Cidade (in Portuguese). 5 (2): 64–97. doi:10.20396/urbana.v5i2.8635076. ISSN 1982-0569.
  9. ↑ Oliveira, Andreia Feitoza de (2024-05-08). "História urbana da Avenida Rio Branco na capital federal (Rio de Janeiro, 1930–1960)". Cadernos de Pesquisa (in Portuguese) (16): 31–45. ISSN 2675-9918.
  10. ↑ "Design Rio: Arquitetura carioca com sotaque espanhol". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-01-03. Retrieved 2026-07-14.
  11. ↑ "Obras : FCO-1198 - Retrato de Adolfo Morales de los Rios". www.portinari.org.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2026-07-16.
  12. ↑ "Adolfo Morales de los Ríos (1858-1928), o arquiteto espanhol do Brasil durante a Primeira República". O NORTE FLUMINENSE (in Portuguese). August 31, 2025. Retrieved July 16, 2026.
  13. ↑ Castilho, José Roberto Fernandes. "Le Corbusier e os professores da ENBA: O documento esquecido de Agrippino Grieco". Revista Vitruvius (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 16, 2026.
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