Achatinella livida
| Achatinella livida | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Live specimen | |
 | |
| Drawing of a shell of Achatinella livida | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Achatinellidae |
| Genus: | Achatinella |
| Subgenus: | Achatinellastrum |
| Species: | †A. livida |
| Binomial name | |
| †Achatinella livida Swainson, 1828 | |
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| Location of Oʻahu | |
Achatinella livida is a rare species[4] of air-breathing land snail in the family Achatinellidae. This species is endemic to Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi.
Description
Achatinella livida shells can reach a length of 17mm and a diameter of 9.0mm, with up to six whorls.[5] Their shell is shaped like a cone with a pointed top.[5] Their shells are livid brown to purple, and the tip of the shell slowly transitions to white.[5] The shell's seam is separated by a distinct line that contains a deep orange-brown color.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Achatinella livida is endemic to the Northern Ko'olau mountains on the island of O'ahu.[6][7] Achatinella livida can be found in their native moist forest habitat on Metrosideros polymorpha ('Ohi'a lehua).[5]
Conservation status
Achatinella livida is classified as critically imperiled as of 2014 with a wild population size estimate of at least 76 individuals.[4] Similar to most Hawaiian tree snails, there are various threats to its survival, such as habitat loss and being endangered by Euglandina rosea and other predators.[2] In 2014, the captive population of A. livida consisted of 25 individuals, including three adults.[4] This captive population was founded in 1997 with 13 adults taken from its original range.[4]
In 2019, the captive population had declined to 19 individuals.[8] As of 2024, the population is now at 208 individuals.[9]
References
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). "Achatinella livida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996 e.T189A13047953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T189A13047953.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- 1 2 NatureServe. "Achatinella livida". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- ↑ "Achatinella livida Swainson, 1828". Species+. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 Price, Melissa R.; Sischo, David; Pascua, Mark-Anthony; Hadfield, Michael G. (2015-11-12). "Demographic and genetic factors in the recovery or demise of ex situ populations following a severe bottleneck in fifteen species of Hawaiian tree snails". PeerJ. 3 e1406. doi:10.7717/peerj.1406. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4647602. PMID 26587358.
- 1 2 3 4 5 USFWS, Hadfield, H., Mountain, M., Hadfield, H., Hadfield, H., Hadfield, H., Holland, H., Hadfield, H., & USFWS, U. (2008). Final Oahu Implementation Plan 2008. In Final Oahu Implementation Plan 2008. https://manoa.hawaii.edu/hpicesu/DPW/2008_OIP/012.pdf
- ↑ Hadfield, M., University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadfield, M., & US Fish and Wildlife Service. (n.d.). Rare invertebrate management (M. Hadfield & US Fish and Wildlife Service, Interviewers). In M. Hadfield, US Fish and Wildlife Service, & Hawaii Natural Heritage Program (Eds.), Rare Invertebrate Management (pp. 5–2). https://manoa.hawaii.edu/hpicesu/DPW/2005_MIP/06.pdf
- ↑ "Achatinella". Division of Forestry and Wildlife: Native Ecosystems Protection & Management. 2020-12-29. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
- ↑ "5-YEAR REVIEW" (PDF). ecosphere-documents-production-public.s3.amazonaws.com. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved April 23, 2026.
- ↑ "5-YEAR REVIEW" (PDF). ecosphere-documents-production-public.s3.amazonaws.com. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved April 23, 2026.
External links
Media related to Achatinella livida at Wikimedia Commons