Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh
‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Mas‘ūd ad-Dabbāgh | |
|---|---|
 Interior of the tomb of Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh in Fez, Morocco. | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | 1684 |
| Died | 1718–1719 Fez, Morocco |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni (Sufī) |
| Jurisprudence | Mālikī |
| Creed | Akhbarism, with the doctrine of Wahdat al-Wujūd |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by
| |
Influenced | |
‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Mas‘ūd ad-Dabbāgh (1684–1718/19) was a Moroccan Sufi mystic, ascetic and Islamic scholar who lived in Fez, Morocco.
Biography
‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Mas‘ūd ad-Dabbāgh was born in Fez, Morocco in 1684.[1][2] His family claimed descent from Idris al-Akbar, the founder of the Idrisid dynasty.[3] Ad-Dabbagh was functionally illiterate and did not study under any scholars due to his disability, except with a man whom he claimed to be the legendary Abu al-Abbas al-Khidr, who educated him on the values of the Ahl al-Bayt and the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[1][2][4] With the tutelage of his mentor, Al-Dabbagh adopted the Maliki jurisprudence and the doctrine of Wahdat al-Wujud, a common doctrine in Sufi metaphysics and theology.[2][3][5] He also delved deeply into Sufism, becoming a praised figure and ascetic in the Shadhili order, which was the dominant Sufi order in North Africa at the time.[1][2] Al-Dabbagh eventually received an ijazah that allowed him to teach classes, with his closest disciples being Ahmad ibn al-Mubarak and Muhammad al-Murabiti, who wrote about him after they had achieved scholarly status.[2][4][5] He also founded his own order of Sufism, known as the Muhammadiyyah, which branched off from the Shadhili order.[6][7]
Ad-Dabbagh died in 1718 or 1719 and was buried in the Bab al-Futuh graveyard in eastern Fez, where a pyramidal roofed tomb was built atop his grave by his followers.[8]
Doctrine
Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh followed the Maliki school in terms of jurisprudence, while for his creed, it was Akhbarism, independent from the prominent Ash'ari and less prominent Athari schools of theology.[9]
On the topic of the Divine Attributes, Al-Dabbagh took a stand similar to that of contemporary Athari theology, stating that the attributes of God be accepted by the apparent in a literal manner and not with tafwid, citing that such matters be "left only to God" without further interpretation.[9][10] However, Al-Dabbagh incorporated Ash'ari views in his theology, stating that the speech of God can be heard, in both literal and metaphorical contexts. Al-Dabbagh also held the Maturidi view of Takwīn ("bringing into being"), stating that it is to be considered as an eternal attribute of God.[9]
Most of the students of Al-Dabbagh were adherents of the Ash'ari theological school as well, indicating that Ash'ari views were prevalent on him. Furthermore, Ash'arism was more prevalent in the Maghreb and North Africa, unlike the Athari theology that was often associated with the Hanbali school.[11]
Works
Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh did not leave behind any written works. His student, Ahmad ibn al-Mubarak, compiled the Al-Ibrīz min Kalām al-‘Ārif bi-Allāh Sayyidī ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Dabbāgh (The Pure Gold in the Words of Sayyidi Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh), which is a compilation of the writings and lectures of Al-Dabbagh involving Qur'anic exegesis and esoteric interpretations of hadiths.[12][13] This work was also adapted into the Tafsir al-Ibrīz, a commentary on the Qur'an for Javanese audiences.[14]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Al-Zirikli (2002). Al-A'lām [Eminent Personalities] (in Arabic). Vol. 4 (15 ed.). Lebanon: Dar al-'Ilm lil-Malayin. p. 28.
- 1 2 3 4 5 al-Kūhin, Muḥammad. ʿAlī, Mursī (ed.). Tabaqāt al-Sādah al-Kubrā al-Musammā Jāmi‘ al-Karāmāt al-‘Aliyyah fī Tabaqāt al-Sādah al-Shādhiliyyah [The Collector of Noble Miracles regarding the Generations of the Shadhili Masters] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah. p. 44. ISBN 9782745132949.
- 1 2 al-Sijilmāsī, Aḥmad. Al-Ibrīz min Kalām Sīdī ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Dabbāgh [The Pure Gold in the Words of Sayyidi Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Beirut, Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah. ISBN 9782745122056.
- 1 2 al-Hilālī, Taqī al-Dīn (1974). Ḥadīth maʿa Zāʾir Karīm, Baḥth fī Ishtiqāq Kalimat Talmūd [A Conversation with a Noble Visitor, An Inquiry into the Derivation of the Name of the Talmud] (in Arabic) (1st ed.). Medina: Al-Jāmiʿah al-Islāmīyah. p. 29.
- 1 2 al-Anṣārī, Farīd. "At-Tawḥīd wal-Wasāṭah". Kitāb al-Ummah (47): 86 – via Islamweb.
- ↑ "Shaykh Abdul Aziz al-Dabbagh: The Master of Prophetic Vision". Nur Healing. Retrieved 15 June 2026.
- ↑ Khodamoradi, Soraya; Ernst, Carl (2024). "Yoga and the "Pure Muhammadi Path" of Muhammad Nasir 'Andalib". Religions. 15 (3): 359. ISSN 2077-1444.
- ↑ Choudhary, Zara. "Visiting Bab al-Futuh: Garden of the Saints". Sacred Footsteps. Retrieved 15 June 2026.
- 1 2 3 çAm, Süleyman (2022-12-25). "Abdülazîz ed-Debbâğ'ın "el-İbrîz" Adlı Eserindeki Bazı İtikadî Görüşleri" [Some Doctrinal Views in Abdülazîz ed-Debbağ's Work Titled "el-İbrîz"]. Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (in Turkish). - (20): 87–90. doi:10.34085/buifd.1170560. ISSN 2687-5128.
- ↑ al-Lamațī, Ahmād (2007). O'Kane, John; Radtke, Bernd (eds.). Pure Gold From The Words Of Sayyidī ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Dabbāgh. Leiden, Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 147–148. ISBN 9789004164154.
- ↑ Ahmad, N.S. (12 October 2013). "The Revival of Ash'ari Theology". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 15 June 2026.
- ↑ Honerkamp, Kenneth L. (2011). "Review of Pure Gold from the Words of Sayyidī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dabbāgh (al-Dha[h]ab al-Ibrīz min Kalām Sayyidī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dabbāgh)". Journal of Islamic Studies. 22 (2): 237–242. ISSN 0955-2340.
- ↑ Oliander, A. I. (2022-01-13). ""The theory of lights" by 'Abd al-'Aziz ad-Dabbagh as an example of the Sufi s' comprehension of Hadith Quds". Minbar. Islamic Studies. 14 (4): 857–865. doi:10.31162/2618-9569-2021-14-4-857-865. ISSN 2712-7990.
- ↑ Anjani I'anatul Maula; Azzurin Nisa' Salsabila Syafitri Inayah; Aris Fathur Rohman (2024-03-30). "Analyzing the Characteristics and Uniqueness of Tafsir Al-Ibriz by KH. Bisri Mustofa". Al-Karim: International Journal of Quranic and Islamic Studies. 2 (1): 73–92. doi:10.33367/al-karim.v2i1.4677. ISSN 2986-9366.