2025 Thai Provincial Administrative Organization election|
|
|
| Turnout | 58.45% |
|---|
|
|
 Results by province |
The 2025 Thai Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) election was a local election held in Thailand on 1 February 2025 to elect 47 of 76 chief executives and 2,316 council members of the PAO in 76 provinces.[1][2][3] The Pheu Thai party's directly endorsed and affiliated candidates won the most chief executive seats.
Chief executives were elected in only 47 of the 76 provinces because in the other 29 the incumbent had resigned before the end of the four-year term, which triggered an early election during 2024. Those provinces therefore voted only for council members on 1 February 2025.[4]
This is the fifth PAO election, excluding by-elections for chief executives, since the amendment of the PAO Act (third edition) in 2003 to allow direct elections for PAO chief executives. Prior to the amendment, chief executives were chosen by council members.
Many chief executive candidates were incumbents. Out of the 76 provinces, 12 chief executives have held the position for over 20 years.
Results
In the 47 provinces where PAO chief executive elections were held, unofficial results as of 23:00 local time were:[5][6]
The ruling Pheu Thai Party led in unofficial results.[6] The People's Party claimed its first victory in a provincial-level election, with the election of Weeradej Phupisit as PAO chief executive of Lamphun province.[8] Weeradej defeated former PAO chief executive and cabinet minister Anusorn Wongwan.[8] Neither of the People's Party's progressive predecessors (Future Forward Party and Move Forward Party) won a PAO leadership election.[8]
Turnout
On 3 February 2025 the Secretary-General of the Election Commission (EC), Sawaeng Boonmee, published final figures for both contests.[9] Turnout fell short of the 65 per cent the EC had projected on polling day.[10]
Turnout and ballot composition
| Chief executive (47 provinces) | Council (76 provinces) |
|---|
| Registered voters | 27,991,587 | 47,124,842 |
| Votes cast | 16,362,185 (58.45%) | 26,418,754 (56.06%) |
| Valid ballots | 14,272,694 (87.23%) | 23,131,324 (87.56%) |
| Spoiled ballots | 931,290 (5.69%) | 1,488,086 (5.63%) |
| None of the above | 1,158,201 (7.08%) | 1,799,344 (6.81%) |
Among the 47 provinces electing a chief executive, turnout was highest in Lamphun at 73.43 per cent, followed by Nakhon Nayok (73.00%), Phatthalung (72.56%), Narathiwat (68.42%) and Mukdahan (68.03%).[9]
Results by province
Results are given for the 47 provinces that elected a chief executive on 1 February 2025. Figures are shown only where two independent sources agree on every candidate's total, or where an official count has been located; six provinces are listed without figures because published sources conflict materially.[b] Percentages are shares of valid ballots.[c]
Amnat Charoen
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Panat Phanwan |
|
46.69% |
| Danai Mahiphan |
|
25.33% |
| Maitree Kaewmongkol |
|
15.55% |
| Chanpen Prasertsri |
|
9.52% |
| Jirasit Chanthasit |
|
2.25% |
| Chakat Rungruang |
|
0.66% |
Bueng Kan
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Waenfa Thongsri |
|
56.74% |
| Phumiphan Boonmatun |
|
40.71% |
| Chatravut Thongsamrit |
|
2.55% |
Buriram
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Phusit Lekudakorn |
|
78.48% |
| Karun Sai-ngam |
|
15.73% |
| Phimchanok Rattanabannakit |
|
3.62% |
| Nattakit Lohprasit |
|
2.17% |
Chachoengsao
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Kulayut Chaichang |
|
60.59% |
| Thammachat Prompitak |
|
24.39% |
| Phon Maruthaphongsathon |
|
15.02% |
Chanthaburi
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Thanapon Kitchakan |
|
56.66% |
| Mana Chanasit |
|
31.12% |
| Chatree Thippayachueajun |
|
7.44% |
| Khachen Thahun |
|
3.27% |
| Ladda Chatu-uthaisri |
|
1.52% |
Chiang Mai
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Pichai Lertpongadisorn |
|
49.31% |
| Pun-Arj Chairatana |
|
47.13% |
| Panom Sriphueat |
|
3.56% |
[d]
Chiang Rai
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Atitathorn Wanchaitanawong |
|
49.68% |
| Saluckjicht Tiyapairat |
|
46.29% |
| Jiraporn Muenchaiwong |
|
4.03% |
Chonburi
The election was won by Wittaya Khunpluem. Published vote totals for Chonburi differ substantially between sources and no official count has been located, so figures are not given here.[b]
Krabi
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Somsak Kittithornkul |
|
75.64% |
| Patipat Kannarong |
|
12.48% |
| Kitinarong Maisrikrod |
|
11.88% |
Lampang
The election was won by Tuangrat Lohsunthorn. Published vote totals for Lampang differ substantially between sources and no official count has been located, so figures are not given here.[b]
Lamphun
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Weeradej Phupisit |
|
51.40% |
| Anusorn Wongwan |
|
48.60% |
Lopburi
The election was won by Orapin Jiraphanvanich. Published vote totals for Lopburi differ substantially between sources and no official count has been located, so figures are not given here.[b]
Mae Hong Son
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Akkharadet Wanchaitanawong |
|
73.02% |
| Danuphat Chiangchoom |
|
26.98% |
Maha Sarakham
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Phonphat Charassathien |
|
69.52% |
| Khomkhay Udonpim |
|
24.38% |
| Phumiphet Pawaputanon Na Mahasarakham |
|
3.89% |
| Sirirat Buama |
|
1.37% |
| Piangtawan Ngamnat |
|
0.84% |
Mukdahan
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Weerapong Thongpha |
|
49.06% |
| Boonthin Pratoomlee |
|
27.41% |
| Supot Su-oriyapong |
|
14.84% |
| Chit Sriyoha Mukdathanaphong |
|
7.88% |
| Komsan Chaitontueak |
|
0.81% |
Nakhon Nayok
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Nida Khanayngam |
|
49.39% |
| Jakkapan Jintanapakanont |
|
48.70% |
| Udomchai Khrualamai |
|
1.22% |
| Pichet Saknaviporn |
|
0.40% |
| Adul Yeemin |
|
0.28% |
Nakhon Pathom
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Jirawat Sasomsub |
|
64.12% |
| Somphon Phaphakchan |
|
35.88% |
Nakhon Phanom
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Anuchit Hongsadi |
|
52.61% |
| Supapanee Phosu |
|
43.47% |
| Prasong Boonpong |
|
1.52% |
| Prasopchok Wachaiyung |
|
1.37% |
| Phichet Kulakul |
|
0.37% |
| Chamnian Wongsanurak |
|
0.37% |
| Suwit Mima |
|
0.16% |
| Wassana Triyarach |
|
0.14% |
Nakhon Ratchasima
The election was won by Yolda Wangsupakitkosol. Published vote totals for Nakhon Ratchasima differ substantially between sources and no official count has been located, so figures are not given here.[b]
Nan
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Nopparat Thawong |
|
57.78% |
| Santipap Intarapat |
|
17.92% |
| Pichit Moksri |
|
9.75% |
| Athiwat Techabun |
|
8.68% |
| Sanoe Vejsamphan |
|
5.87% |
Narathiwat
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Ku Seng Yao Aha San |
|
50.94% |
| Abdulrak Sani |
|
48.39% |
| Aishah Daeh |
|
0.67% |
Nong Bua Lamphu
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Saranya Suwanaprom |
|
56.24% |
| Wuttipong Sirisathit |
|
31.28% |
| Opal Hattasongskorn |
|
9.36% |
| Kriangkrai Sowjaroensuk |
|
1.48% |
| Manit Ontao |
|
1.22% |
| Ariyaporn Khotnarin |
|
0.42% |
Nong Khai
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Wutthikrai Changlek |
|
48.48% |
| Yuttana Sritabutr |
|
45.48% |
| Narongchai Lawongsa |
|
6.03% |
Nonthaburi
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Thongchai Yenprasert |
|
57.26% |
| Lertmongkol Waravenuch |
|
40.50% |
| Pimporn Churod |
|
2.24% |
Pattani
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Set Alyufree |
|
71.97% |
| Abdul Basim Abu |
|
17.75% |
| Sharifuddeen Sareaming |
|
10.28% |
Phang Nga
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Bamrung Piyanamvanich |
|
50.35% |
| Tharatip Thongchoem |
|
31.24% |
| Sutthichok Thongchumnum |
|
16.13% |
| Phisit Chongphongsa |
|
2.27% |
Phatthalung
The election was won by Wisut Thammaphet. Published vote totals for Phatthalung differ substantially between sources and no official count has been located, so figures are not given here.[b]
Phichit
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Krit Pensupa |
|
65.37% |
| Kritsada Phattharaprasit |
|
30.93% |
| Pracha Phosri |
|
3.29% |
| Sukserm Paiboonsiri |
|
0.41% |
Phrae
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Anuwat Wongwan |
|
62.47% |
| Prasong Chumchoey |
|
37.53% |
Phuket
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Rewat Areerob |
|
64.91% |
| Lersak Leenanithikul |
|
33.42% |
| Srithep Udomlap |
|
1.67% |
Prachinburi
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Napaphat Anchasanichmon |
|
55.72% |
| Chamroon Suaydee |
|
26.06% |
| Ampai Kongmanee |
|
14.96% |
| Kritkamon Phaengsri |
|
3.27% |
Prachuap Khiri Khan
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Sarawut Lim Arunrak |
|
58.80% |
| Nithi Plangsriskul |
|
41.20% |
Rayong
The election was won by Surasak Charoensirichot. Published vote totals for Rayong differ substantially between sources and no official count has been located, so figures are not given here.[b]
Sakon Nakhon
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Naruemon Sapsor |
|
51.01% |
| Chupong Khamjuang |
|
21.29% |
| Anurak Boonsol |
|
18.39% |
| Khajornsak Benchai |
|
6.66% |
| Taiwan Khamsang |
|
2.65% |
Samut Prakan
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Soonthorn Pansaengthong |
|
44.65% |
| Noppadol Somyanontanakul |
|
40.09% |
| Prasert Chaikitdennapalai |
|
11.70% |
| Seksan Pingen |
|
3.56% |
Samut Sakhon
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Udom Kraiwatnusorn |
|
66.16% |
| Chaowarin Chansaychon |
|
33.84% |
Samut Songkhram
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Jetsada Yanpraphasiri |
|
34.66% |
| Nanthiya Likhitamnuaychai |
|
27.12% |
| Kanchanasuda Panasuttha |
|
16.06% |
| Thanathat Khunnuch |
|
14.00% |
| Sukanya Saosan |
|
6.18% |
| Teerapong Srikamnerd |
|
1.99% |
Saraburi
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Sanya Boon-Lhong |
|
51.13% |
| Prasit Anaman |
|
24.86% |
| Suttichai Wongphrai |
|
17.34% |
| Phutthong Phothipanya |
|
2.96% |
| Watchara Puriwanchana |
|
1.89% |
| Thanakrit Atthasampunna |
|
1.82% |
Satun
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Sumrit Liangprasit |
|
43.15% |
| Umar Akem |
|
39.89% |
| Sultan Ismailsa |
|
12.70% |
| Thanakom Pochanaphitak |
|
4.26% |
Sing Buri
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Supawat Tianthaworn |
|
100.00% |
Sisaket
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Wichit Traisornkul |
|
57.61% |
| Wiwatchai Hotrawaisaya |
|
36.23% |
| Ratdawan Promtha |
|
1.96% |
| Nawin Worasakmahasan |
|
1.34% |
| Naruchit Charuratkul |
|
0.93% |
| Chorladda Udduang |
|
0.86% |
| Amnuay Tonsri |
|
0.74% |
| Boonthavorn Panyasit |
|
0.33% |
Songkhla
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Supit Phitaktham |
|
50.66% |
| Prasong Borirak |
|
23.35% |
| Niran Jindanak |
|
16.54% |
| Apinya Yodkaew |
|
4.63% |
| Nattaphat Chumthongchoetbamrung |
|
1.67% |
| Songkhla Phokanthee |
|
1.14% |
| Duangphon Senawan |
|
0.97% |
| Chananchida Promrach |
|
0.63% |
| Saksith Ratanapiboon |
|
0.41% |
Suphan Buri
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Udom Prongfa |
|
57.75% |
| Boonchu Chansuwan |
|
25.06% |
| Pinyo Sunthornvipat |
|
14.89% |
| Prachob Leenukul |
|
2.30% |
Surat Thani
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Wichawut Jinto |
|
40.00% |
| Pongsak Jakaew |
|
31.05% |
| Jirachat Ruangwatcharin |
|
23.00% |
| Somphon Singhaphon |
|
4.74% |
| Wichian Chanbua |
|
0.94% |
| Krit Boonprasop |
|
0.27% |
Trang
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Bunleng Lo Sathanapornpipit |
|
77.75% |
| Yanyong Tantiteerayan |
|
13.80% |
| Taweesak Songchu |
|
8.45% |
Trat
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Wichian Supacharoen |
|
42.14% |
| Chonlathee Numnoo |
|
36.19% |
| Charoen Chalalai |
|
20.55% |
| Banchong Kanchananan |
|
0.82% |
| Paiwan Chalalai |
|
0.29% |
Yala
Popular vote
|
|
|
| Mukhtar Mata |
|
81.50% |
| Abdullateh Yagad |
|
18.50% |
Analysis
Writing for the ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, Chanintorn Pensute of Chiang Mai University characterised the election as one in which national parties intervened heavily while leaving little space for candidates without an established base.[15]
Party endorsement
Nine parties were involved in the contests, but only three endorsed candidates formally. Pheu Thai endorsed 16 and elected 10, in Nakhon Ratchasima, Sakon Nakhon, Nong Khai, Maha Sarakham, Nakhon Phanom, Prachinburi, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae and Lampang. The People's Party endorsed 17 and elected one, in Lamphun. Chart Thai Pattana endorsed a single candidate, in its Suphan Buri stronghold. Bhumjaithai endorsed nobody but was closely connected to several winners, an arrangement Pensute argues was deliberate: in provinces such as Chiang Rai and Sisaket, where the party holds few or no parliamentary seats, a formal endorsement risked doing a candidate more harm than good, so an informal association and a congratulatory message afterwards were the safer course.[15] No candidate was endorsed by the Democrat Party, whose affiliates stood as independents.[15]
Incumbency and political families
Incumbency proved a powerful advantage. Across the country somewhat more than half of the sitting chief executives were returned, and in the northern provinces the proportion was higher still, with incumbents re-elected in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae, Mae Hong Son and Lampang. Of the 76 provinces, 12 had a chief executive who had held the post for more than twenty years. Somsak Kittithornkul was returned unopposed in Krabi for an eighth term, while Wichit Traisornkul in Sisaket and Thanapon Kitchakan in Chanthaburi each won a seventh.[15]
Political families, known in Thai as trakun kan mueang or ban yai, featured prominently. Members of the Wanchaitanawong family retained the chief executive's post in both Chiang Rai and Mae Hong Son, and the Wongwan family held Phrae through Anuwat Wongwan, who by the end of his term will have led that organisation for more than two decades. In Lamphun, however, another member of the same family, Anusorn Wongwan, was defeated by Weeradej Phupisit of the People's Party, himself the son of a former chief executive of the province.[15]
The People's Party
For the People's Party the outcome was mixed. A single provincial victory was a poor return on 17 endorsements, but it was an improvement on 2020, when the party's predecessor movement contested 42 provinces and won none. Pensute points to Chiang Mai as the more instructive case: Pun-Arj Chairatana, a first-time candidate with no political background, took 41.78 per cent of the ballots cast against an incumbent backed by Thaksin Shinawatra, and the party simultaneously won 15 of the 42 council seats in the province, including four of five in the city district.[15] The comparison drawn is that opposition candidates in several provinces increased their vote substantially while Pheu Thai's held roughly steady, most starkly in Lampang, where the losing candidate's vote rose by 137 per cent between 2020 and 2025 as the incumbent's declined.[15]
Wider significance
Provincial administrative organisations control a meaningful share of public spending, with local government accounting for 22.36 per cent of the national expenditure budget in the 2025 fiscal year, and the campaigns were explicitly tied to national politics. Pheu Thai speakers in Chiang Mai linked continued support for the party to delivery of the 10,000-baht handout, while People's Party figures campaigned on decentralisation and on the transparency of provincial administration.[15] Pensute notes that the two-term limit reinstated by the fifth amendment to the Provincial Administrative Organisation Act will apply from the next round in 2029, disqualifying those who have served consecutively in 2020 and 2025 and potentially opening the field to newcomers.[15]
Conduct
Spoiled and blank ballots
The number of invalid ballots attracted comment. In the chief executive contests 931,290 ballots were spoiled and a further 1,158,201 were cast for none of the candidates, together 12.77 per cent of all ballots. Sawaeng Boonmee said the spoiled ballot rate was little changed from the 2020 election and attributed much of it to the ballot design, since the number of candidates for chief executive and for council differed between constituencies and voters could mark a box for a candidate who did not exist in their contest.[9] The highest totals were in Nakhon Ratchasima, with 71,306 spoiled ballots and 110,934 marked for no candidate, and in Samut Prakan, with 51,788 spoiled ballots.[16][17]
Re-runs and repeat voting
Four council constituencies required a fresh election. In Chai Nat, constituency 1 of Wat Sing district had no valid candidate at all after the sole entrant was disqualified under section 50(20) of the Local Election Act of 2019, which bars a person whose electoral rights are suspended for having failed to vote at a previous election. In the other three, constituency 1 of Mueang Suphan Buri district, constituency 2 of Mueang Trang district and constituency 4 of Sawi district in Chumphon, the leading candidate received fewer votes than the number of ballots marked for no candidate. Provincial election directors were required to call the re-runs within seven days and to hold them within 45 days.[9]
Separately, on 11 February the EC ordered voting to be repeated at 22 polling stations across 11 provinces on 23 February, after checks found that ballot counts did not reconcile with the number of voters recorded.[18]
Complaints and recount requests
By 3 February the EC had received 180 complaints concerning both the administration of the election and alleged electoral fraud.[9] The People's Party sought recounts in Chiang Mai and Samut Prakan on the grounds of the high number of spoiled ballots.[19] An official of a polling station committee died in a road accident while transporting ballot boxes, which the EC cited in defending its decision to hold the election on a Saturday rather than a Sunday.[9]
Aftermath
The People's Party won 132 council seats nationwide.[19]
Complaints were lodged against several successful chief executive candidates. The EC dismissed a petition alleging that Napaphat Anchasanichmon of Prachinburi had held shares in a media company,[20] but in December 2025 the governor of Prachinburi ordered her removal from office over shareholdings dating from her earlier service as a council member.[21] In May 2026 the EC dismissed a vote-buying complaint against Supit Phitaktham of Songkhla.[22]
Notes
[b]
[d]
[c]
- ↑ Tallies of this election vary between sources because most candidates did not stand under a national party label. Of the 47 successful chief executive candidates, 12 were nominated by a political party and the remainder stood as independents or under locally registered groups, so any party total depends on how those groups are attributed to national parties.[7]
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Published vote totals for Chonburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Phatthalung, Rayong, Lopburi and Lampang differ between sources, in several cases by more than 10,000 votes, and no official count announcement (form ผ.ถ. 5/8) has been located for these provinces. Figures are therefore omitted rather than given from a single unverified source.
- 1 2 Except where otherwise stated, vote totals are taken from the Thai PBS election dataset, which reports the count as unofficial; the figures used are those in the dataset revision of 11 February 2025. No official announcement of the count has been located for most provinces.[7][23]
- 1 2 Chiang Mai figures are taken from the official announcement of the count issued by the Chiang Mai Provincial Administrative Organization Election Commission on form ผ.ถ. 5/8.[12]
References
- ↑ "EC expects results by 10pm". Bangkok Post. 2025-02-01. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
- ↑ Editorial (2025-01-30). "Provincial election battle lines drawn". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
- ↑ "A closer look at the People's Party 'tough' race to win local power". nationthailand. 2025-02-01. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
- ↑ ทำไม 29 จังหวัดไม่ต้องเลือกนายก อบจ.ในวันที่ 1 ก.พ.68 [Why 29 provinces did not elect a PAO chief executive on 1 February 2025]. Thai PBS (in Thai). Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ "Pheu Thai party leads in Provincial Administrative Organisat". world.thaipbs.or.th. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
- 1 2 "เลือกตั้ง 2568 Live ผลคะแนนนายก อบจ.-สจ. 47 จังหวัด | Thai PBS". www.thaipbs.or.th (in Thai). Retrieved 2025-02-02.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 เลือกตั้ง 2568 Live ผลคะแนนนายก อบจ.-ส.อบจ. 47 จังหวัด [2025 election live: results for chief executives and council members in 47 provinces] (in Thai). Thai PBS. 1 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 Lohatepanont, Ken (2025-02-01). "Takeaways from Thailand's 2025 PAO Elections". The Coffee Parliament | Thai Politics and Policy. Retrieved 2025-02-02.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 กกต. สรุปเลือกตั้ง อบจ. 2568 จ่อเลือก ส.อบจ.ใหม่ 4 เขต พร้อมแจงปมบัตรเสีย [EC summarises the 2025 PAO election, four constituencies to be re-run, and explains the spoiled ballots]. Thai Rath (in Thai). 3 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ Reporters, Post (2 February 2025). "PAO elections proceed smoothly, EC expects a 65% turnout". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
- ↑ ประกาศ ผลการนับคะแนนเลือกตั้ง อบจ. บุรีรัมย์ (ผ.ถ. 5/8 และ ส.ถ. 5/8) [Announcement of the result of the count for the Buriram Provincial Administrative Organization (forms ผ.ถ. 5/8 and ส.ถ. 5/8)] (PDF) (in Thai). Election Commission of Thailand, Buriram Province. February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- 1 2 ผลการนับคะแนนเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาและนายกองค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ [Result of the count for the Chiang Mai Provincial Administrative Organization council and chief executive] (PDF) (in Thai). Election Commission of Thailand, Chiang Mai Province. 6 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ ประกาศคณะกรรมการการเลือกตั้งประจำองค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดเชียงราย เรื่อง ผลการนับคะแนนเลือกตั้ง [Announcement of the Chiang Rai Provincial Administrative Organization Election Commission on the result of the count] (in Thai). Chiang Rai Provincial Administrative Organization. 23 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ ประกาศคณะกรรมการการเลือกตั้งประจำองค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดมุกดาหาร เรื่อง ผลการนับคะแนนเลือกตั้ง [Announcement of the Mukdahan Provincial Administrative Organization Election Commission on the result of the count] (in Thai). Mukdahan Provincial Administrative Organization. 1 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pensute, Chanintorn (25 April 2025). "Thailand's Provincial Administrative Organisation Elections: What Happened in the North and in Chiang Mai?" (PDF). ISEAS Perspective (2025/31). ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. ISSN 2335-6677. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ เลือกนายก อบจ. บัตรเสีย-VOTE NO พุ่ง "โคราช-สงขลา" แชมป์ [Spoiled and no-vote ballots surge in the PAO election, Korat and Songkhla top the list]. Thansettakij (in Thai). 2 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ วิจารณ์สนั่น! เลือกตั้งนายกอบจ.สมุทรปราการ บัตรเสียพุ่ง 51,788 ใบ [Criticism as spoiled ballots reach 51,788 in the Samut Prakan PAO election]. PPTV HD36 (in Thai). 2 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ มติ กกต.เลือกตั้ง อบจ.ใหม่ 22 หน่วย รวม 11 จังหวัด 23 ก.พ.นี้ [EC resolves to repeat voting at 22 polling stations in 11 provinces on 23 February]. Amarin TV (in Thai). 11 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- 1 2 ปชน.ชนะ ส.อบจ.132 คน เมินแดงกินส้ม จ่อร้องสอบปมบัตรเสียพุ่ง [People's Party wins 132 council seats and prepares to seek an inquiry into the surge in spoiled ballots]. Thai PBS (in Thai). Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ คำวินิจฉัยคณะกรรมการการเลือกตั้ง ที่ ๕๔/๒๕๖๘ [Election Commission ruling no. 54/2568] (PDF) (in Thai). Election Commission of Thailand. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ สจ.จอย พ้นตำแหน่ง นายก อบจ.ปราจีน ปมถือหุ้นสื่อ ตั้งแต่สมัยเป็น ส.อบจ. [Prachinburi PAO chief executive removed from office over media shareholdings held while a council member]. Khaosod (in Thai). 3 December 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ 'กกต.' ยกคำร้อง 'สุพิศ-วัฒนา' สัญญาว่าจะให้-เข้าใจผิดในคะแนนนิยม เลือกตั้ง 'นายกอบจ.' [EC dismisses complaints against Supit and Watthana over promises of benefit in the PAO chief executive election]. Isra News Agency (in Thai). 25 May 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
- ↑ "DATASET-RESULT-MAYOR, revision of 11 February 2025". Thai PBS. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
Machine-readable dataset underlying the Thai PBS results service.
