2023 Taipei babysitter child abuse case

Kaikai
Born(2022-02-21)21 February 2022[1]
New Taipei City, Taiwan
Died24 December 2023(2023-12-24) (aged 1)
No. 16, Lane 41, Shanyan Road, Wenshan District, Taipei, Taiwan
Cause of death
Rhabdomyolysis
Body discovered
Wenshan District, Taipei
Resting place
Yangming Mountain First Public Cemetery, Taipei City (Yangming Ling’ai Building, Area E1)
Other nameKaikai
Taipei nanny abuse death case
LocationTaipei City
DateDecember 24, 2023 (UTC+8)
TargetMale child "Kaikai"
Attack type
Child abuse resulting in death
AssailantsLiu Cai-xuan (formerly Shen Su-fen) Liu Ruo-lin (formerly Shen Su-fang)
AccusedLiu Cai-xuan (formerly Shen Su-fen)

Liu Ruo-lin (formerly Shen Su-fang)

Chen Shang-jie
ConvictionsOn May 13, 2025, the Taipei District Court of first instance sentenced Liu Cai-xuan to life imprisonment and Liu Ruo-lin to 18 years of fixed-term imprisonment under the Criminal Code of the Republic of China and the Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Protection Act for offenses including intentional injury to a child resulting in death and abuse causing death. On January 27, 2026, the second-instance court upheld the original judgment.

A one-and-a-half-year-old boy surnamed Liu in Taipei City, Taiwan (pseudonym “Kaikai”), died after being sent to hospital in critical condition on December 24, 2023, due to prolonged Child abuse by transitional foster caregiver Liu Cai-xuan during the waiting period for adoption placement. The case was exposed by funeral industry workers after the 2024 Taiwanese general election, drawing widespread public attention and condemnation in Taiwanese society, and leading to a comprehensive review of child welfare institutions, the social worker system, and foster care supervision mechanisms.[2][3][4]

Background

The deceased boy in this case, pseudonym Kaikai, was born on February 21, 2022, in New Taipei City, Republic of China (Taiwan). His biological father was missing, and his biological mother was incarcerated due to criminal offenses. Before her imprisonment, the mother had entrusted a private nanny with his care. However, as the nanny lacked formal adoption qualifications and the boy’s grandmother was unable to bear the cost of care, the New Taipei City Department of Social Welfare intervened and commissioned the Child Welfare League Foundation to arrange foster care placement. From September 2023 onward, sisters Liu Cai-xuan (formerly Shen Su-fen) and Liu Ruo-lin (formerly Shen Su-fang), residing in Taipei City, became the primary caregivers, with social worker Chen Shang-jie from the Child Welfare League Foundationresponsible for regular visits.[5]

Incident

On December 24, 2023, Kaikai was sent to the hospital due to respiratory distress and died despite First aid. Social worker Chen Shang-jie and caregiver Liu Cai-xuan told doctors that Kaikai had choked on milk; however, a prosecutorial autopsy revealed multiple bruises and fractures, broken teeth, fingernails that had been forcibly removed, burn on the Male reproductive system, and signs of malnutrition. Medical reports indicated that the injuries were clearly inconsistent with normal childcare conditions, and the cause of death was determined by prosecutors and police to be “rhabdomyolysis.” Police immediately initiated an investigation and notified the social worker and the social welfare department.[6]

Through the reconstruction of abusive conversations and photographs found on the Liu sisters’ mobile phones, as well as video recordings and testimony provided by a foreign domestic caregiver in the household, investigators found that Kaikai, who was just over one year old, had been subjected to punishments such as forced standing without clothing, being fed kitchen waste, being bathed in cold water during winter, having his body forcibly folded and stuffed into a bucket, having his teeth broken, and suffering multiple fractures throughout his body. During the 114 days he stayed at Liu Cai-xuan’s home, Kaikai was abused to the point of severe bodily injury and ultimately died before receiving medical treatment. The actions of the Liu sisters aroused widespread public outrage and sparked extensive discussion on child protection systems.[7][8]

Judicial proceedings

Liu Cai-xuan and her sister

Indictment

In January 2024, caregiver Liu Cai-xuan and her younger sister were detained by prosecutors. Both denied abuse, claiming that Kaikai’s injuries resulted from falls and self-inflicted impacts.

In April 2024, the Taipei District Prosecutors Officeindicted Liu Cai-xuan and Liu Ruo-lin on the following charges:

  • Article 286, Paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China: Abuse of a child resulting in death.
  • Article 112, Paragraph 1 of the Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Protection Act, in conjunction with Article 302-1, Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 4 and Paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China: Intentional abuse of a child by an adult resulting in unlawful restraint and death.
  • Article 112, Paragraph 1 of the Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Protection Act, in conjunction with Article 277, Paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code: Intentional injury to a child resulting in death.[9]

Preparatory proceedings

On September 25, 2024, during the first hearing, the Liu sisters denied all charges and retracted previous statements in court, alleging that prosecutors had used improper methods during interrogation and asserting that earlier records did not reflect their true intent.

On December 25, 2024, during the second hearing, prosecutors submitted additional evidence, but the Liu sisters continued to deny all allegations.

On February 5, 2025, during the third hearing, prosecutors initially planned to submit 109 photographs as evidence of abuse; however, considering the burden on lay judges, the court reduced the number to 67. Prosecutors expressed concern that the evidence might not fully reflect the scope of the crimes. The Liu sisters admitted only to binding and striking the soles of the feet, denying all other allegations.[10]

On March 19, 2025, during the fourth hearing, hundreds of supporters gathered outside the Taipei District Court, including Taipei 101 ChairpersonChia Yung-chieh, holding signs calling for severe sentencing and denial of parole for the two defendants.[5][11]

Trial proceedings

After more than a year of indictment and preparatory procedures, the trial formally began on April 22, 2025. The case was heard by three professional judges and six lay judges (two men and four women). The trial duration set a record for the longest since the implementation of the lay judge system in July 2023, with a total of 10 hearing days (plus three reserved preparatory days). The court ruled that Kaikai would be referred to as “Child A” in court. Prosecutors presented key evidence, including repeated binding of Child A with cloths and straps, leaving his body resembling a mummy, covering his head with fruit netting, and communication records between the sisters. In these messages, Liu Cai-xuan stated that “he behaves obediently once tied up,” while Liu Ruo-lin responded with phrases such as “he has no chance,” “he cried hard and overturned again, the bucket flipped,” and “playing dead.” The brutality of the evidence and the cold tone of the messages caused the grandmother present in court to break down emotionally, and the courtroom atmosphere was heavy.[12]

On April 23, 2025 (second day of trial), key witness Mira, a former foreign caregiver employed by the Liu family, returned from abroad to testify. She provided multiple eyewitness accounts, including prolonged punishment by forced standing, bathing naked in cold water, being fed leftover food (even containing cockroaches) in the bathroom, and repeated bruising and abnormal reactions. Mira stated that some details were not personally witnessed but were supported by video and audio recordings, which prosecutors regarded as critical evidence. The defense questioned the scope of her observations and language ability.[13]

On April 23, 2025 (third day of trial), two former caregivers and Liu Cai-xuan’s son Wang Kai-hong testified. One caregiver testified that Kaikai had been healthy and lively with no abnormalities, and that the handover to Liu Cai-xuan had been rushed with insufficient explanation. Another caregiver stated that although there had been muscle tension and crying, overall care was manageable. Wang Kai-hong claimed that Kaikai had used Profanity, engaged in self-harm, and exhibited abnormal excretion, and stated that he had suggested reporting to a social worker. However, the court and prosecutors questioned the limited duration of his contact and possible fabrication, as well as his involvement in a prior perjury case, challenging the credibility of his testimony.[14]

On April 28, 2025 (fourth day of trial), Liu Cai-xuan admitted to binding Kaikai but claimed that statements such as “want to slap him to death” were casual remarks. When shown photos of Kaikai’s swollen mouth, she claimed it was due to a crab allergy. Liu Ruo-lin initially denied witnessing punishment but changed her statement after being confronted with evidence, claiming the injuries were caused by falls and expressing no objection to the binding behavior.[15]

On April 29, 2025 (fifth day of trial), forensic expert Hsu Cho-hsien testified that Kaikai, only about one year old, had suffered long-term malnutrition leading to Immunodeficiency, pneumonia, and eventual death from hypovolemic shock. Extensive bruising was found across his body, comparable to being struck with a baseball bat.[16] In the afternoon, pediatrician Lü Li from National Taiwan University described the injuries—over 42 distinct wounds across the head, limbs, and body, including genital avulsion—as “textbook-level abuse,” and suspected sexual abuse. He refuted claims that teeth had fallen out due to Bruxism, noting no signs of wear. He also stated that Kaikai’s body temperature was only 24°C upon arrival at the hospital, indicating prolonged neglect and extreme suffering before death.[17][18]

On April 30, 2025 (sixth day of trial), psychiatrist Chiu Yen-nan testified that Kaikai had developed depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, and attachment disorder under Liu Cai-xuan’s care, consistent with prolonged and multiple forms of abuse. He emphasized the transformation from a lively child to one with vacant, fearful eyes and slowed behavior, indicating severe psychological damage. He rejected claims of self-harm or emotional issues, attributing them to long-term trauma rather than separation anxiety.[19][20]

On the afternoon of April 30, Liu Cai-xuan changed her plea and admitted to some charges, including injury, unlawful restraint, and abuse of a child resulting in death. She expressed remorse for binding, corporal punishment, and causing tooth loss with a spoon but denied other allegations and intent to kill. Some legal experts interpreted this plea as strategic, avoiding acknowledgment of intent to kill in order to seek a reduced sentence. Under current law, without proof of intent to kill, even severe abuse may result only in life imprisonment, not the death penalty.[21][22]

On May 2, 2025 (seventh day of trial), Liu Ruo-lin continued questioning and denied all abuse allegations. She admitted deleting message records after the incident but claimed it was not to conceal wrongdoing. She described her messages as casual suggestions or jokes and portrayed herself as a passive participant, frequently responding with “I don’t know” or “I don’t remember.” Prosecutors argued that she actively encouraged the abuse and participated in actions such as placing Kaikai into a bucket, making her a co-perpetrator. They emphasized that intervention by either defendant could have prevented the tragedy. The defense for Liu Cai-xuan requested leniency based on her guilty plea and lack of malicious intent, while Liu Ruo-lin’s defense argued she did not directly participate and should not be considered a co-offender. The grandmother’s lawyer strongly condemned both defendants as co-perpetrators of fatal abuse and urged severe punishment.[23][24][25][26][27][28]

On May 5–6, 2025 (eighth and ninth days of trial), sentencing investigations were conducted. The grandmother broke down emotionally in court, refused settlement or civil compensation, and expressed deep self-blame. Psychiatric evaluation found that Liu Cai-xuan did not suffer from mental illness, and her claims of trauma and hallucinations were considered potentially aimed at sentence mitigation. Her lawyer presented a written prayer asking Kaikai for forgiveness and help in avoiding imprisonment, which triggered strong public backlash.[29]

On May 7, 2025, the trial concluded. Prosecutors stated that out of Kaikai’s 672 days of life, 115 days were marked by inhumane treatment, describing Liu Cai-xuan as persistently abusive “like a spider,” and recommended life imprisonment. For Liu Ruo-lin, prosecutors sought an 18-year sentence, citing moral disengagement and passive complicity. Liu Cai-xuan’s defense requested a reduced sentence of 16 to 18 years, citing her guilty plea and remorse. Liu Ruo-lin stated briefly that she had nothing to say; her defense requested a sentence of 10 years and 1 month if convicted of abuse resulting in death, or 1 year and 6 months if convicted only of abuse with unlawful restraint.[30]

Verdict

Related original document in Wikisource: Criminal Judgment No. 1, Year 113 (Lay Judge Trial), Taipei District Court, Taiwan

On May 13, 2025, theTaipei District Court of first instance sentenced Liu Cai-xuan to life imprisonment and Liu Ruo-lin to 18 years of fixed-term imprisonment. The convictions were based on charges under the Criminal Code of the Republic of China for intentional injury by an adult against a child resulting in death, and under the Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Protection Act for intentional unlawful restraint and abuse of a child resulting in death.[31]

On January 27, 2026, High court (Taiwan) rejected the appeal and upheld the first-instance judgment.[32]

Social worker Chen Shang-jie (Child Welfare League Foundation)

In August 2024, the Taipei District Prosecutors Office stated that social worker Chen Shang-jie failed to conduct visits as required, notified the caregiver in advance, failed to report abnormal conditions or increase visit frequency, and violated both internal regulations of the Child Welfare League Foundation and the Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Protection Act. Chen was also alleged to have discussed with senior supervisors how to respond to the prosecution and to have falsified visit records. She was indicted on charges of negligent homicide and document forgery.[33]

In April 2026, the Taipei District Court ruled in the first instance that Chen Shang-jie bore a “duty of care as a guarantor,” had blindly trusted Liu Cai-xuan, and missed the opportunity to rescue Kaikai. During trial, she maintained her innocence and failed to reach a settlement with the family. She was sentenced to two years of imprisonment for negligent homicide without suspension; the charge of document forgery was dismissed due to insufficient evidence.[34]

Wenshan Childcare Center visitation staff (surname Lin)

A visitation staff member surnamed Lin from the Wenshan Childcare Center was suspected of falsifying visit records. The Taipei District Prosecutors Office accepted the case for investigation in 2025.[35]

Child Protection March

On May 1, 2025, writerYen Tze-yaposted that while the caregiver’s actions in the Kaikai case were appalling, attention should also be given to the Taipei and New Taipei city governments, which allegedly suppressed news of the case for over two months, and to the Child Welfare League Foundation’s role in the Legislative Yuan. She warned against support activities that did not mention these institutions, describing them as public relations operations.[36]

On May 2, 2025, internet personality "Pa Chiung" posted on the social platform Threads, warning that “the Chinese Communist Party and pro-China groups in Taiwan are using the May 10 Kaikai case march to stir dissatisfaction with the Taiwanese government and promote narratives of unification.”[37]

On May 2, 2025, National Cheng Kung University professor Lee Chung-hsien emphasized that “misdirected justice becomes complicity,” arguing that accountability should be directed toward specific authorities and institutions. He also criticized some self-media for confusing public understanding, urging the public to distinguish between those responsible and those exploiting the tragedy. He described such actions as manipulating tragedy and emotions to obscure responsibility, shifting the focus from local authorities to the central government, and even extending to cognitive warfare narratives targeting Taiwan. He further called for maintaining distance from the May 10 street protests, emphasizing that what Kaikai needs is justice, not spectacle.[38]

On May 10, 2025, multiple civil groups organized a “Child Protection March” on Ketagalan Boulevard. Thousands of participants dressed in white gathered, holding signs such as “Child abuse is intolerable” and “Zero tolerance for child abuse,” demanding that the government address systemic loopholes and strengthen child protection responsibilities. The groups proposed six major demands, including establishing a dedicated child protection ministry, increasing specialized pediatric protection physicians, and imposing harsher penalties without parole for child abuse. A petition campaign collected 84,467 signatures by the end of the event, which were submitted to government bodies including the Presidential Office. Taipei 101 Chairperson Chia Yung-chieh and others attended in support; she stated that justice should be served for Kaikai and that perpetrators should receive proportionate punishment, even suggesting that the death penalty would be humane in their case.[39][40]

Response and criticism of the Child Welfare League Foundation

The Child Welfare League Foundation stated publicly that all caregivers had passed review procedures and that visit records were complete, denying wrongdoing but acknowledging that the system required review. Chairperson Lin Chih-chia publicly urged social workers to “bravely face society,” which was criticized as shifting responsibility and undermining frontline social workers, triggering internal disputes over governance and accountability.[41]

On March 17, 2024, Executive Director Pai Li-fang resigned at the request of the board of directors.[42]

On March 20, 2025, some public opinion identified the Child Welfare League Foundation as the root of the problem and called for a suspension of donations to the organization.[43]

Policy and institutional review

On March 13, 2024, the Ministry of Health and Welfare announced the suspension of new cases handled by the Child Welfare League Foundation and proposed six major reforms, including strengthening caregiver screening, increasing dedicated pediatric physicians, implementing a three-party joint visitation mechanism, and preventing adoption placements driven by economic factors.

On March 14, 2024, Kuomintang legislator Wang Yu-min (then convener of the Legislative Yuan Social Welfare and Environmental Hygiene Committee), who also served as a board member of the Child Welfare League Foundation, announced her resignation from the board.[44]

On March 15, 2024, the Executive Yuan convened an inter-ministerial review meeting, inviting the governments of New Taipei City and Taipei City, as well as academic experts, to discuss institutional reforms.[45]

On March 18, 2024, the Legislative Yuan Social Welfare and Environmental Hygiene Committee invited the Ministry of Health and Welfare for discussion. As Wang Yu-min, who had ties to the case, was presiding as chair, Democratic Progressive Party legislators demanded her recusal and requested that the Kuomintang appoint another member, leading to conflict between the two parties.[46]

On March 23, 2024, Taipei City Council members from the Democratic Progressive Party and Taiwan People's Party demanded a special report from the city government. However, under the supervision of Kuomintang Taipei Party Chair Huang Lu Chin-ju, Kuomintang councilors boycotted the session, causing it to collapse procedurally and allowing the Taipei City Government under Mayor Chiang Wan-an to avoid reporting and discussion on the case.[47][48]

In February 2025, a citizen proposal on the Public Policy Online Participation Platform suggested legal amendments to impose harsher penalties: life imprisonment for child abuse resulting in disability, and life imprisonment or the death penalty for child abuse resulting in death, with no parole for any child abuse or sexual abuse cases. By March, the proposal had received over 130,000 endorsements. In May, the Ministry of Justice responded that the proposal violated the principle of proportionality in criminal punishment and stated that it would consider various opinions in future legal revisions.[49]

On July 18, 2025, the Legislative Yuan passed amendments to the Criminal Code, adding Article 272-1, which increases penalties for homicide victims under the age of seven by one-half, and stipulates that those who torture and kill a child under seven may be sentenced to death or life imprisonment. Article 286 was also amended to provide that abuse resulting in the death of a child under seven may be punished by death, life imprisonment, or a term of not less than 10 years.[50]

Control Yuan investigation

In May 2025, Control Yuan members Yeh Ta-hua, Wang Yu-ling, and Chang Ju-fangidentified the following issues in the case:

  • Lack of professional sensitivity among social workers
  • Multiple deficiencies in caregiver management and social worker training by the Child Welfare League Foundation
  • Inadequate supervision by the Ministry of Health and Welfare
  • Failure of the New Taipei City Government to properly implement record-keeping
  • Superficial visitation guidance by the Taipei City Government

Accordingly, corrective measures were proposed against the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the New Taipei City Government, and the Taipei City Government, and the Taipei District Court was advised to consider the misconduct of the foundation’s social workers.[51]

When police brought social worker Chen Shang-jie in for questioning, she was handcuffed with the restraints visible and was subjected to inappropriate media coverage, in violation of the Code of Criminal Procedure and regulations governing the use of restraints during arrest and escort. In March 2025, the Control Yuan issued corrective measures against the National Police Agency of the Ministry of the Interior and the Taipei City Police Department.[52]

References

  1. ↑ 許智超 (2024-03-15). "凱凱花葬地點曝光「不能合掌祭拜」！親友：盼祂在天堂不再受恐懼". 三立新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2025-04-30. 親友最後透露，凱凱的生日是111年2月21日。
  2. ↑ "凱凱花葬地點曝光「不能合掌祭拜」！親友：盼祂在天堂不再受恐懼" [The location of Kai Kai's flower burial has been revealed; "hands-in-hand worship is not permitted!" Relatives and friends say they hope he will no longer suffer fear in heaven.]. www.setn.com (in Chinese). 2024-03-15. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  3. ↑ "剴剴案國民法官開庭第一週：移工、前保母、被告之子，4位關鍵證人眼中的虐童真相" [First week of the trial in the Chien Chien case: The truth about child abuse as seen by four key witnesses – a migrant worker, a former babysitter, and the defendant's son.]. www.twreporter.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2025-04-24. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  4. ↑ 聯合新聞網 (2025-03-19). "影／剴剴案開庭2惡保母上囚車 聲援者丟垃圾咒罵：唯一死刑" [Video: "Kai-Kai" case hearing—two abusive nannies board prison transport; supporters hurl trash and shout curses, demanding the death penalty.]. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2025-04-06. Retrieved 2026-06-19.
  5. 1 2 "劉姓保母姊妹涉虐死男童剴剴 北院開庭逾200人集結高呼不得假釋" [The Liu sisters, who are babysitters, are accused of abusing and killing a boy. The trial at the Taipei District Court saw over 200 people gather and chant for their denial of parole.]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). 2025-03-19. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  6. ↑ "剴剴案11萬人連署「虐童致死」修法死刑　法務部回應了" [The Ministry of Justice has responded to a petition signed by 110,000 people seeking to amend the death penalty law for "child abuse resulting in death."]. TVBS (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  7. ↑ "剴剴遭保母姊妹虐死 外傭：冬天洗冷水罰站「渾身發抖」" [Ganggang was abused to death by her two nannies. The domestic helper said: "In winter, they punished her by making her stand in cold water until she was shivering."]. 中時新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2025-04-23. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  8. ↑ "剴剴死因揭曉！遭活活餓死、冬天洗冷水澡　檢警還原保母手機發掘真相" [The cause of Zhan Zhan's death has been revealed! Starved to death and subjected to cold showers in winter – police and prosecutors uncover the truth by recovering the nanny's phone.]. 太報 TaiSounds (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  9. ↑ "剴剴案國民法官開庭第一週：移工、前保母、被告之子，4位關鍵證人眼中的虐童真相" [First week of the trial in the Chien Chien case: The truth about child abuse as seen by four key witnesses – a migrant worker, a former babysitter, and the defendant's son.]. www.twreporter.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2025-04-24. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  10. ↑ Lin, Yu-hsin (2025-03-21). "懶人包／剴剴案不能沉！冷血保母引爆眾怒 爭議一次看" [Lazy Person's Summary / This case must not be forgotten! Cold-blooded nanny sparks public outrage: A look at the controversy.]. 東森新聞 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  11. ↑ 聯合新聞網 (2025-03-19). "影／剴剴案四度開庭 賈永婕聲援落淚：無法想像有這樣的惡魔" [Video: Fourth hearing in the "Kai-Kai" case; Chia Yung-chieh tears up while showing support: "I cannot imagine such a monster exists."]. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2025-03-19. Retrieved 2026-06-19.
  12. ↑ "剴剴案審理改稱「A童」 檢方心痛抗議" [The trial of the "Qianqian case" has been renamed "A Tong," prompting a heartbreaking protest from the prosecution.]. 台視新聞網 (in Traditional Chinese). 2025-04-22. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  13. ↑ Hou, Baiqing. "剴剴案「最強證人」Mira揭他「吃碎鍋巴」、「洗冷水澡」 惡保母律師團反攻" [Mira, the "strongest witness" in the Qianqian case, reveals that he "ate broken pot crusts" and "took cold showers." The evil nanny's legal team launches a counterattack.]. 太報 TaiSounds (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  14. ↑ Cai, Siyuan (2025-04-29). "惡保母曾傳訊聊「想一巴掌轟給他死」　法醫、鑑定醫師將出庭說明剴剴死因、受傷成因" [The abusive nanny had texted him saying she wanted to slap him to death. The forensic pathologist and forensic doctor will appear in court to explain the cause of death and the cause of injury.]. www.ctwant.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  15. ↑ Zhang, Yixuan (2025-04-28). "剴剴案審理第4天　保母妹妹認「見手腳被綁、廁所餵食」" [On the fourth day of the trial for the case, the babysitter's sister admitted to "seeing her hands and feet tied up and being fed in the toilet."]. www.mnews.tw (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  16. ↑ "剴剴案審理第5天！法醫許倬憲：皮下瘀傷「跟被棒球棒毆打程度一樣」" [Day 5 of the trial for the case! Forensic pathologist Hsu Cho-hsien: Subcutaneous bruising "is comparable to being beaten with a baseball bat."]. www.setn.com (in Chinese). 2025-04-29. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  17. ↑ Huang, Zhemin (2025-04-29). "鑑定專家作證哭了：剴剴42處虐傷「皮膚長不回去」　死前3月很痛苦" [Forensic expert testifies and cries: 42 signs of abuse, "skin won't heal," he suffered greatly for three months before death.]. www.ettoday.net (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  18. ↑ Zhang, Wenchuan (April 29, 2025). "秀42張剴剴傷勢照片 台大醫師呂立鑑定：皆是虐待型傷勢" [Showing 42 photos of bruises, National Taiwan University doctor Lu Li examined them and determined they were all signs of abuse.].
  19. ↑ "剴案審判錄／「眼神空洞不是偶發」　台大醫丘彥南鑑定剴剴精神崩潰原因" [Trial Record of the Case of Jianjian: "The Empty Eyes Are Not an Irregularity" - National Taiwan University Doctor Chiu Yen-nan Determines the Cause of Jianjian's Mental Breakdown]. 東森新聞 (in Chinese). 2025-04-30. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  20. ↑ Huang, Zhemin (2025-04-30). "精神醫師證「剴剴」長期多重受虐　眼神空洞憂傷絕非單一事件" [The mental health professional's certificate, "Qianqian," reflects long-term, multiple forms of abuse; her vacant, melancholic eyes are not an isolated incident.]. www.ettoday.net (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  21. ↑ "剴案審判錄／剴剴案保母突認罪 法官驚問：改變策略？" [Trial transcript of the case / Nanny in the case suddenly pleads guilty, judge asks in surprise: Did you change your strategy?]. 東森新聞 (in Chinese). 2025-04-30. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  22. ↑ "「剴剴」保母認罪 他推測可能原因：純粹只是訴訟考量" [The nanny pleaded guilty; he speculated the possible reason: purely for legal considerations.]. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  23. ↑ Hou, Baiqing (2025-05-02). "【法庭攻防實錄】傳簡訊諷剴剴「裝死、呵呵呵」 劉若琳詭辯：唱歌給他聽" [[Courtroom Battle Transcript] Liu Ruolin sends sarcastic text messages to Jianjian, saying "Playing dead, hehehe," and replies: "I sang for him."]. Yahoo News (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  24. ↑ "辯「剴剴欠揍」是要教規矩！劉若琳遭法官怒問「開什麼玩笑？」語塞" [Liu Ruolin argued that "being cheeky and deserving of a beating" was meant to teach rules! She was speechless after the judge angrily asked, "Are you kidding me?"]. www.ftnn.com.tw (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  25. ↑ Hou, Baiqing. "惡保母姊妹都是「剴剴案」正犯！檢察官悲鳴：若有一人喊停，就不至於無法挽回" [The vicious babysitter sisters are all principal offenders in the "fraud case"! The prosecutor lamented: If even one person had intervened, things wouldn't have been so irreversible.]. 太報 TaiSounds (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  26. ↑ Zhang, Qin (2025-05-02). "檢轟剴剴慘狀如「他殺」！　律師為惡保母求情：不專業不等於邪惡" [The prosecution's scathing allegations resembled "homicide"! A lawyer pleaded for leniency for the abusive nanny: unprofessionalism does not equate to evil.]. 壹蘋新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  27. ↑ Huang, Zhemin (2025-05-02). "惡保母姊妹虐死剴剴狂卸責　阿嬤律師「4句話」曝115天酷刑求重判" [Sisters, who were cruel nannies, tortured and killed each other, and then tried to shirk responsibility. The grandmother's lawyer exposed 115 days of torture in four sentences and demanded a severe sentence.]. www.ettoday.net (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  28. ↑ "虐死剴剴拚輕判！ 惡保母律師：不專業不代表邪惡、信任蒙蔽雙眼 阿嬤律師冷回「四金句」" [Abusive nanny's lawyer fights for lenient sentence! Unprofessionalism doesn't equate to evil; trust blinds one's eyes. The grandmother's lawyer coldly responds with "four golden sentences."]. 太報 TaiSounds (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  29. ↑ Ding, Muqun. "律師稱惡保母超渡剴剴「有悔意」！疏文竟求保佑免入獄、免求償　「幫阿姨渡難關」" [A lawyer claims the abusive nanny showed remorse during a memorial service! The petition even asked for protection from imprisonment and legal action, hoping to "help the nanny through this difficult time."].
  30. ↑ "凌虐剴剴！檢方強調惡保母「以虐取樂」　求處劉彩萱無期徒刑、劉若琳16至18年" [Abuse and torture! Prosecutors emphasize that the abusive nanny "derives pleasure from abuse," seeking life imprisonment for Liu Caixuan and 16 to 18 years for Liu Ruolin.]. 民視新聞網 (in Traditional Chinese). 2025-05-07. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  31. ↑ Ding, Muqun. "剴剴案5/13宣判！惡保母爆哭：對不起我錯了　檢批如「蜘蛛」求國民法官判無期" [The verdict in the Chien-Chien case will be announced on May 13th! The abusive nanny broke down in tears: "I'm sorry, I was wrong." The prosecutor criticized her as being like a "spider" and requested the National Judge to sentence her to life imprisonment.].
  32. ↑ "剴剴遭虐死案　二審仍判劉彩萱無期徒刑、劉若琳18年" [In the case of Cheng Cheng's torture and death, the second instance court still sentenced Liu Caixuan to life imprisonment and Liu Ruolin to 18 years.]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). 2026-01-27. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  33. ↑ Chen, Hongyi (2024-08-27). "剴剴遭虐死案兒福聯盟社工 檢方依偽造文書、過失致死起訴" [The child abuse victim, a social worker from the Child Welfare League Foundation, was indicted by prosecutors on charges of forgery and manslaughter.]. 公視新聞網 PNN (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  34. ↑ "台灣首位社工遭判過失致死──剴剴案陳尚潔一審判刑2年，三大爭點總整理" [Taiwan's first social worker convicted of manslaughter – Chen Shang-chieh sentenced to 2 years in prison in the first instance of the Chen Shang-chieh case; a summary of the three major points of contention.]. www.twreporter.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2026-04-15. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  35. ↑ 中央通訊社 (2026-01-29). "剴剴案陳姓社工涉過失致死　北市婦幼科長出庭作證" [Social worker surnamed Chen accused of negligent homicide in the case; Taipei City Women and Children's Health Section Chief testifies in court.]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  36. ↑ "「剴剴」遭保母虐死案 顏擇雅：別忘記雙北市府及背後門神" [Yen Tse-ya: Don't forget the Taipei and New Taipei City governments and the guardians behind them in the "Chen Chen" child abuse death case.].
  37. ↑ "510剴剴案遊行與「挺中配遊行」只隔一條街！八炯示警：小心被利用" [The "510 Incident" protest march and the "Pro-China Couple" march are only one street apart! Eight-year-old warns: Beware of being used.]. 太報 TaiSounds (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  38. ↑ "剴剴案輿論疑被操作 李忠憲：應分辨誰該被究責、誰在消費悲劇" [Public opinion surrounding the case of Li Zhongxian is suspected of being manipulated. He stated that it's necessary to distinguish who should be held accountable and who is exploiting the tragedy.]. 自由時報電子報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2025-05-03. Archived from the original on 2025-07-20. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  39. ↑ "萬人上凱道聲援剴剴！　6大訴求曝光" [Tens of thousands marched on Ketagalan Boulevard in support of the protesters! Six demands revealed.]. www.ettoday.net (in Traditional Chinese). 2025-05-10. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  40. ↑ "聲援剴剴站上凱道 賈永婕：就算給加害者死刑也是人道的" [Chia Yung-chieh, speaking out in support of Chien Chien, said: "Even the death penalty for the perpetrators is humane."]. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  41. ↑ "吳思瑤批國民黨對「剴剴案」是先包庇再消費" [Wu Szu-yao criticizes the Kuomintang for first covering up and then exploiting the "Qianqian case".]. 聯合影音 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  42. ↑ Chen, Yi-ying. "「白麗芳被請辭」惹怒基層！兒福聯盟認上週「荒腔走板」：已接受卸任申請" [The resignation of Bai Lifang has angered local officials! The Child Welfare League admits to making "absurd" decisions last week: the resignation application has been accepted.]. www.storm.mg (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  43. ↑ Huang, Shih-Chun (2025-03-20). "剴剴案別只究責保母與志工！律師：「兒福聯盟」才是最源頭" [Don't just blame the babysitters and volunteers in the child welfare case! Lawyer: The Child Welfare League Foundation is the root cause.]. 壹蘋新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  44. ↑ "王育敏辭兒盟董事 綠：為保住立委跳船" [Wang Yu-min resigns as board member of the Green Party: "Jumping ship to save legislators"]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). 2024-03-15. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  45. ↑ "待出養1歲童疑遭虐死 衛福部要求兒盟暫停新收案" [The Ministry of Health and Welfare has ordered the Child Welfare League Foundation to suspend accepting new cases following allegations that a one-year-old child awaiting adoption was abused to death.]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). 2024-03-13. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  46. ↑ Lin, Huiqin (2024-03-18). "王育敏被嗆不適主持兒虐專案報告 立院藍綠一度僵持" [Wang Yu-min was told she was unwell while hosting a report on child abuse, leading to a stalemate between the KMT and DPP in the Legislative Yuan.]. 自由時報電子報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2025-08-08. Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  47. ↑ Du, Guanlin (2025-03-20). "「剴剴案」引爆全民怒火　綠：掩蓋真相者的責任也要一併追究" [The "Kankan case" has ignited public outrage. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) demands that those who cover up the truth also be held accountable.]. www.ettoday.net (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-04-27.
  48. ↑ "虐童案專案報告國民黨團杯葛臨時會流會 北市議長與民進黨團互嗆" [The Kuomintang (KMT) caucus boycotted a special meeting on child abuse cases, causing it to adjourn; the Taipei City Council Speaker and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) caucus exchanged barbs.]. 自由時報電子報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2024-03-22. Archived from the original on 2026-04-29. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  49. ↑ "剴剴案喚起網友串聯籲重懲虐童 法務部：廣納民意討論修法" [The case of the abuser has sparked a nationwide outcry online, urging severe punishment for child abuse. The Ministry of Justice stated that it will widely solicit public opinion and discuss legislative amendments.]. 自由時報電子報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2025-05-17. Archived from the original on 2026-04-29. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  50. ↑ "「剴剴條款」三讀 虐殺7歲以下童可判死刑" [The "Strict Measures Clause" passed its third reading, stipulating that those who abuse or murder children under the age of 7 could face the death penalty.]. 公視新聞網 PNN (in Traditional Chinese). 2025-07-18. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  51. ↑ "臺北市發生男童剴剴於出養期間遭保母虐待致死案，權責機關未踐行兒童最佳利益原則保全剴剴生存發展權利，監察院通過葉大華、王幼玲、張菊芳委員調查報告，糾正衛生福利部、新北市政府及臺北市政府，並將兒盟社工違失情形，移請司法機關參酌" [In the case of the boy, Zhan Zhan, who died after being abused by his caregiver during his foster care period in Taipei City, the responsible authorities failed to uphold the best interests of the child and protect Zhan Zhan's right to survival and development. The Control Yuan, through the investigation report of committee members Yeh Ta-hua, Wang Yu-ling, and Chang Chu-fang, has issued corrections to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the New Taipei City Government, and the Taipei City Government, and has referred the case of the Child Welfare League social workers' negligence to the judicial authorities for consideration.]. 監察院全球資訊網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2025-05-29. Retrieved 2026-06-16.
  52. ↑ 沈志明 (2024-03-13). "社工遭上銬移送偵辦 因戒具外露偵察隊長申誡處分" [Social worker handcuffed and transferred for investigation; Investigation Unit Chief receives a reprimand for the exposed use of restraints.]. 公視新聞網 PNN (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2026-06-19.
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